Admin roles are the key of your kingdom
Office 365 allows organizations to granularly delegate administrative privileges.
Office 365 contains a lot of built-in aministrative roles. Among them we find Global Administrator, Exchange administrator, User Account Administrator, Billing Administrator, Global reader, etc.
Those privileges must be audited regularly.
When you have few IT guys, it is pretty straightforward to identify the admin roles. But when you have a big tenant or/and a lot of admins, it becomes hard to track the changes. Indeed, the Office 365 portal or Azure AD portal does not provide any admin role report.
This post provides you two scripts:
- one script to track the admin roles changes during the last 90 days
- one script to get a report about Office 365 admin roles and their members
For other useful scripts/tips, I recommend you to read this.
Track the Office 365 admin roles changes
The following PowerShell script t generates report about all the changes regarding the admin roles (add or remove member). You can find the latest version of this script on my github.
<# .SYNOPSIS Search-AdminRoleChanges.ps1 - Reports on Office 365 Admin Role .DESCRIPTION This script produces a report of the membership of Office 365 admin role groups. By default, the report contains only the groups with members. To get all the role, included empty roles, add -IncludeEmptyRoles $true .OUTPUTS The report is output to an array contained all the audit logs found. To export in a csv, do Search-AdminRoleChanges | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation "$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd)_adminRolesChange.csv" .EXAMPLE Search-AdminRoleChanges .LINK https://github.com/itpro-tips/Microsoft365-Toolbox/blob/master/Audit/Search-AdminRolesChanges.ps1 .NOTES Written by Bastien Perez (ITPro-Tips.com) For more Office 365/Microsoft 365 tips and news, check out ITPro-Tips.com. Version history: V1.0, 17 august 2020 - Initial version Copyright (c) 2020 Bastien Perez (ITPro-Tips.com) THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. #> # Admin roles list: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/search-the-audit-log-in-security-and-compliance?view=o365-worldwide function Search-AdminRoleChanges { [CmdletBinding()] param ( ) try { Import-Module exchangeonlinemanagement -ErrorAction stop } catch { Write-Warning 'First, install the official Microsoft Exchange Online Management module : Install-Module exchangeonlinemanagement' return } try { $records = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate (Get-Date).AddDays(-90) -EndDate (Get-Date).AddDays(1) -Operations ('Add Member to Role', 'Remove Member From Role') -ResultSize 2000 -Formatted-ErrorAction Stop } catch { Connect-ExchangeOnline $records = Search-UnifiedAuditLog -StartDate (Get-Date).AddDays(-90) -EndDate (Get-Date).AddDays(1) -Operations ('Add Member to Role', 'Remove Member From Role') -ResultSize 2000 -Formatted } if ($records.Count -eq 0) { Write-Host 'No audit logs found' } else { Write-Host "Processing $($Records.Count) audit records..." $report = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[Object] ForEach ($record in $records) { $auditData = ConvertFrom-Json $record.Auditdata # Only process the additions of guest users to groups $timeStamp = Get-Date $record.CreationDate -format g # Try and find the timestamp when the Guest account was created in AAD $object = [PSCustomObject]@{ TimeStamp = $timeStamp ObjectId = $auditData.ObjectId Action = $auditData.Operation Actor = $auditData.UserId ActorIpAddress = $auditData.ActorIpAddress RoleName = $auditData.modifiedproperties.newvalue[1] } $report.Add($object) } return $report } }
Get report about Office 365 roles group member
The following PowerShell script generates report about all the Office 365 admin roles and members.
The script uses MSOnline module because, even if Microsoft recommends AzureAD module, the MSOnline module returns the MFA state.
You can find the latest version of this script on my github.
<# .SYNOPSIS Get-MsolRoleReport.ps1 - Reports on Office 365 Admin Role .DESCRIPTION This script produces a report of the membership of Office 365 admin role groups. By default, the report contains only the groups with members. To get all the role, included empty roles, add -IncludeEmptyRoles $true .OUTPUTS The report is output to an array contained all the audit logs found. To export in a csv, do Get-MsolRoleReport | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation "$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd)_adminRoles.csv" -Encoding UTF8 .EXAMPLE Get-MsolRoleReport .EXAMPLE Get-MsolRoleReport -IncludeEmptyRoles $true .EXAMPLE Get-MsolRoleReport | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation "$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd)_adminRoles.csv" -Encoding UTF8 .LINK .NOTES Written by Bastien Perez (ITPro-Tips.com) For more Office 365/Microsoft 365 tips and news, check out ITPro-Tips.com. Version history: V1.0, 17 august 2020 - Initial version Copyright (c) 2020 Bastien Perez (ITPro-Tips.com) THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. #> function Get-MsolRoleReport { [CmdletBinding()] param ( [boolean]$IncludeEmptyRoles ) try { Import-Module MSOnline -ErrorAction stop } catch { Write-Warning 'First, install the official Microsoft MSOnline module : Install-Module MSOnline' return } try { $msolRoles = Get-MsolRole -ErrorAction Stop } catch { Connect-MsolService $msolRoles = Get-MsolRole } # Use MsolService because returns more role and allows MFA status $rolesMembership = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List[System.Object]' foreach ($msolRole in $msolRoles) { # Global administrator is called Company administrator in Microsoft Graph API and Azure AD PowerShell https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/users-groups-roles/directory-assign-admin-roles#global-administrator--company-administrator # Other roles also have another name, but the name is understable switch ($msolRole.Name) { 'Company Administrator' { $msolRole.Name = 'Company Administrator/Global administrator' break } } Write-Host -ForegroundColor green "Processing role $($msolRole.Name)..." -NoNewline try { $roleMembers = Get-MsolRoleMember -RoleObjectId $msolRole.ObjectId Write-Host -ForegroundColor green " $($roleMembers.count) member(s) found" if ($IncludeEmptyRoles -and $roleMembers.count -eq 0) { $object = [PSCustomObject] [ordered]@{ 'Role' = $msolRole.Name 'RoleDescription' = $msolRole.Description 'MemberDisplayName' = '-' 'MemberUserPrincipalName' = '-' 'MemberEmail' = '-' 'MemberAlternateEmail' = '-' 'RoleMemberType' = '-' 'MemberAccountEnabled' = '-' 'MemberLastDirSyncTime' = '-' 'MemberMFAState' = '-' 'MemberObjectID' = '-' } $rolesMembership.Add($object) # break the loop continue } foreach ($roleMember in $roleMembers) { # if user already exist in the arraylist, we look for to prevent a new Get-MsolUser (time consuming) # Select only the first if user already exists in multiple roles if ($rolesMembership.MemberObjectID -contains $roleMember.ObjectID) { $found = $rolesMembership | Where-Object { $_.MemberObjectID -eq $roleMember.ObjectID } | Select-Object -First 1 $object = [PSCustomObject] [ordered]@{ 'Role' = $msolRole.Name 'RoleDescription' = $msolRole.Description 'MemberDisplayName' = $found.MemberDisplayName 'MemberUserPrincipalName' = $found.MemberUserPrincipalName 'MemberEmail' = $found.MemberEmail 'MemberAlternateEmail' = $found.MemberAlternateEmail 'RoleMemberType' = $found.RoleMemberType 'MemberAccountEnabled' = $found.MemberAccountEnabled 'MemberLastDirSyncTime' = $found.MemberLastDirSyncTime 'MemberMFAState' = $found.MemberMFAState 'MemberObjectID' = $found.MemberObjectID } } else { if ($roleMember.RoleMemberType -eq 'ServicePrincipal') { $member = Get-MsolServicePrincipal -SearchString $roleMember.DisplayName } # Sometimes, user is service account, not present in Office 365. We set ErrorAction SilentlyContinue to prevent error. not handle non user type else { $member = Get-MsolUser -objectid $roleMember.ObjectID -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } $MFAState = $member.StrongAuthenticationRequirements.State if ($null -eq $MFA) { $MFAState = 'Disabled' } if ($null -eq $member.LastDirSyncTime) { $lastDirSyncTime = 'Not a synchronized user' } else { $lastDirSyncTime = $member.LastDirSyncTime } $object = [PSCustomObject] [ordered]@{ 'Role' = $msolRole.Name 'RoleDescription' = $msolRole.Description 'MemberDisplayName' = $roleMember.DisplayName 'MemberUserPrincipalName' = $member.UserPrincipalName 'MemberEmail' = $roleMember.EmailAddress 'MemberAlternateEmail' = $member.AlternateEmailAddresses | ForEach-Object { $_ -join '|' } 'RoleMemberType' = $roleMember.RoleMemberType 'MemberAccountEnabled' = -not $member.AccountEnabled # BlockCredential is the opposite 'MemberLastDirSyncTime' = $lastDirSyncTime 'MemberMFAState' = $MFAState 'MemberObjectID' = $member.ObjectId } } $rolesMembership.Add($object) } } catch { Write-Warning $_.Exception.Message } } return $rolesMembership }
